Medical progress is based on research that ultimately must include studies involving human subjects.Ħ. The physician's knowledge and conscience are dedicated to the fulfilment of this duty.ĥ. It is the duty of the physician to promote and safeguard the health, well-being and rights of patients, including those who are involved in medical research. The Declaration of Geneva of the WMA binds the physician with the words, “The health of my patient will be my first consideration,” and the International Code of Medical Ethics declares that, “A physician shall act in the patient's best interest when providing medical care.”Ĥ. The WMA encourages others who are involved in medical research involving human subjects to adopt these principles. Consistent with the mandate of the WMA, the Declaration is addressed primarily to physicians. The Declaration is intended to be read as a whole and each of its constituent paragraphs should be applied with consideration of all other relevant paragraphs.Ģ. The World Medical Association (WMA) has developed the Declaration of Helsinki as a statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human material and data. 64th WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013ġ.59th WMA General Assembly, Seoul, Republic of Korea, October 2008.55th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 2004 (Note of Clarification added).53rd WMA General Assembly, Washington DC, USA, October 2002 (Note of Clarification added).52nd WMA General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2000.48th WMA General Assembly, Somerset West, Republic of South Africa, October 1996.41st WMA General Assembly, Hong Kong, September 1989.35th WMA General Assembly, Venice, Italy, October 1983.29th WMA General Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 1975.What is Ethics in Research & Why is it Important? U.S.Adopted by the 18th WMA General Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964 and amended by the: When conducting research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments. Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental policies. Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning take steps to promote competence in science as a whole. Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy.Īvoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity. Respect your colleagues and treat them fairly. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions. Help to educate, mentor, and advise students. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication. Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance just your own career. Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property. Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Keep good records of research activities. Keep your promises and agreements act with sincerity strive for consistency of thought and action.Īvoid careless errors and negligence carefully and critically examine your own work and the work of your peers. Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data. Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. The following is a general summary of some ethical principles: In addition, it educates and monitors scientists conducting research to ensure a high ethical standard. Research ethics provides guidelines for the responsible conduct of research.
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